Tips for Installation, Balance and Adjustment

Harmony
Install wheels
Introduction to the terms
Overall balance
Tips for installation
Tire adjustment

Harmony

In addition to the above installation procedures, there is one more step; when the wheels are installed on the car, the tires must reach the highest point of compatibility and reduce the vibration to the lowest point. When the tire is rolling, it will produce different power characteristics. These change points surround the tire. Therefore, each tire must be tested for a special force distribution, and then determine the harmony between the highest point and the lowest point of the tire and measure the power Change, the tires cannot stop at the same point continuously during the test. The test tires naturally stop at the highest and lowest points. Most vehicle manufacturers will mark the natural lowest point of each tire, and each manufacturer makes a different mark.

※Warning: Improper installation, insufficient tire pressure, and heavy load will damage the tire. The size of the tire and rim must be correct, and the pressure of the bead and rim should not exceed 40 psi to avoid bursting.

Install wheels

Before installing the wheels on the vehicle, clean the mudguards, brake discs, springs and struts on the left and right sides of the vehicle. If the vehicle is equipped with an anti-lock braking system (ABS), be careful not to hinder the operation of the ABS system.
The vehicle manufacturer will indicate that changing the tire/wheel diameter or the axle ratio below 15% will not affect the ABS operation. Changing the tire/wheel diameter or the axle ratio exceeding 15% will affect the ABS operation and must be re-measured if the size is The correctness of the speedometer and the ABS action that can be maintained within the range are included in the vehicle maintenance manual. If you are installing dual tires, determine the difference in the diameter of the tires. The diameter difference of the dual tires should be within 1/4" (circumference is 3/4"). Check the gap between the tires. Refer to the tire or vehicle manufacturer's information , Specification table of minimum double tire clearance.
※Warning: If you need to use iron chains, pay attention to whether the gap between the two tires is sufficient to avoid iron chains from damaging the tires.

Screw torque
Before starting the installation, check the thread of the screw. The thread and the screw seat must be matched. There are three types of nut. The geometric plane of each nut and the wheel is different. There are flat cone seat, arc seat and flat seat. The three types of taper fitting and arc seat nut are tighter, because it will widen the screw, and the insufficient torque of the nut will cause loosening. If the torque of the locking nut is too large, it will cause fatigue and cause the screw hole to deform. Too much or insufficient torque will affect the normal rolling of the wheel. Flat Nuts usually use a washer, most of which are used in patented aluminum alloy wheels, because the aluminum alloy is too soft to resist frictional forces and are made into flat cone and arc-type nuts. Why is this criticism? Because the friction force acts on the washer and the wheel, only the pressure presses the wheel, it is extremely difficult to lock the flat nut. In the flat nut, if the torque is too large, the wheel will be deformed, which will cause the aluminum alloy and the washer contact part to protrude and deform. Therefore, it is very important to lock the wheel nut, once the torque is used improperly, the wheel will deform, so be very careful. Use a torque wrench to lock the nut. The nut is locked in a 4-hole, 6-hole and 8-hole nut locking method. If you use a 5-hole nut locking method as shown in the figure below, you must pay attention to the following Point:

The number of pounds must be enough
Prevent incorrect position
Keep the wheel at the center point

Introduction to the terms of each part of the wheel shot tire

Cushion lining or ring belt part: Used for radiant layer and cross-layer ring belt tires. A ring belt is attached along the circumference between the tread and the carcass to tighten the carcass and reduce the deformation of the tire.
Ply: A nylon or polyester cord woven with parallel fiber strands and covered with rubber.
Bead: The material between the tread and the lip of the tire.
Apex: The bead rubber body and the lower sidewall have a triangular structure with high hardness.
Bead wire: Seal and hold the rim to support the load.
Rim: A metal circle that supports the outer tire or the combination of outer tire and inner tube.
Bead lip: It is made of steel wire (electroplated in bronze) as the main body, and the outside is protected by rubber or cord and wrapped in the carcass ply, which is used to seat on the rim.

Tire outer diameter：After the tire is combined with a standard rim, the diameter under standard pressure and unloaded conditions.
Tire radius: one-half of the outer diameter of the tire.
Total tire width: Under the above conditions, the maximum width of the tire, including lines and text.
Tire width: The total width of the tire minus the width of the grain and text.
Tire height: Tire outer diameter minus ring diameter ÷ 1/2 section height.
Tread width: The cross-sectional width of the largest shoulder part, generally refers to the width of the tread formed by the tread pattern.
Rim flange height: Refer to the definition in the rim chapter.
Rim diameter: It varies according to usage and type. This picture is a typical example. More detailed description is in the "Rim" chapter.
Static load radius: The distance from the tread surface to the center line of the tire axis when the tire is at rest and the vehicle's specified load is added.
Offset: The distance from the center line of the tire to the mounting surface of the rim, refer to the "offset" unit.
Double-wheel clearance: When the vehicle adopts double-wheeling, the distance between the two tires' bead closest to each other.
Grounding width/ length: The maximum width of the grounding surface perpendicular to the circumferential direction/ the maximum length of the circumferential direction.
Ground area: The area included in the ground width and length.

Tire nominal size and speed indication:

Nominal tire size
Tyre type	Unit of measure	Nominal size	Outer diameter	Break width (mm)	Flatness ratio	The inside diameter	Radiation layer	Load index	Speed indicator
Truck, car tires	Imperial	10.00-20	-	10.00	-	20 inches	Oblique layer	-	-
Truck, car tires	Imperial	11.00R20	-	11.00	-	20 inches	R	-	-
Truck, car tires	Metric	185R14C	-	185	(80)	14 inches	R	-	-
Truck, car tires	Metric	315/80R22.5M	-	315	80	22.5 inches	R	-	M
Truck, car tires	Metric	165R13 82S	-	165	(80)	13 inches	R	82	S
Truck, car tires	Metric	205/70R14 94T	-	205	70	14 inches	R	94	T
Truck, car tires	Metric	185/65R14 85H	-	185	65	14 inches	R	85	H

Tire load index:
Load Index: The maximum load value that a tire can load under the specified maximum inflation pressure.

Tire speed indicator (Maximum speed limit Km/h)
Speed indicator	Speed
F	80
G	90
J	100
K	110
L	120
M	130
N	140
P	150
Q	160
R	170
S	180
T	190
U	200
H	210
V	240

Overall balance

The overall balance includes the ON-CAR balance after being installed on the vehicle and the system balance of the related vehicle. In addition to tire installation and proper tire pressure, balance must be done. In addition to tire balancing for customers, other issues must be paid attention to, such as whether the steering and suspension system of the vehicle is sensitive and maneuverability is good when the vehicle is running, and the tire balance is poor It must be corrected. Each tire and vehicle must not only be statically balanced but also dynamically balanced; static balance means that the weight is evenly distributed on the circumference of the tire, and dynamic balance means that the tire rotates on the same center line without yaw. The best way to get a proper balance of the tire is to use a computerized balancer, which is gradually completed with the machine's operating instructions; the measurement method is to simulate the rotation of the tire on the wheel, and the balancer indicates the correct balance weight at the position that needs to be balanced. There are three types of counterweights: sticky counterweight, paint clip counterweight, and no paint clip type compounding. Balance wheel counterweight can use one of them, aluminum alloy wheel counterweight can only use sticky counterweight or paint Clip counterweight, use a paint clip to clean the wheel to avoid corrosion.

※Warning: Make sure that the counterweight installed on the inner side of the wheel will not affect the brakes or other parts. The counterweight must be installed in the correct position, and the wheels can be installed as long as the wheels are balanced.

Tips for installation

While installing the tyre to use the tyre size of the exactitude, dismantle the tyre can't cause the damage. The inadequacy dismantle, bad balance or install the not appropriate tyre will affect the car security, so dismantle the tyre need to notice particularly. The followings are steps of check, from dismantle, balance and installation a new tyre, and go into detail how tyre leads to balance, fix and install.

Some notices while installing:

Before going to install the tyre and wheel, be sure to confirm the tyre diameter, and match with an introduction of rim width and appropriate range.
Ascertain that burden can't exceed a rim / a manufacturer's regulation, marking the followings will appear in a truck in steel round; The certain burden can't exceed a manufacturer in steel the provision, marking followings appear in a truck wheels(Max- load) pound(1 bs), and D or R., "D" indicates the 000 tyre, "R" indicates the usage of the radial tyre.
Clean the corrosion, attachment, dry lubricant of a part in steel can't use the sand paper, hair brush or the line brushes, wanting to use will not hurt. Make use of the material won't get harm.
Avoid scoring the rim , it can be cleaned by Teflon.
Use the appropriate lubricant to lubricate the top and bottom of the rim for prevent the harms from tyre lip or transform.
Installing the tyre to a convex of rim, needs to increase the pressure of tyre and press to 40psi and make tyre and convex of rim combine closely then bleed the air to the standard.
Make sure and install completely on a convex of rim and also check the leaking of air.

Tire adjustment

Regularly changing positions can make tires wear more evenly. It is best to change positions every 10,000-15,000 kilometers or unevenly.

Pay attention to the following points when the tire needs to be adjusted:

The tire pressure must be measured, refer to the tire pressure on the vehicle manufacturer's specification sheet, and the new tire must be correct.
Use the replacement position of the spare tire and the normal tire. If you want to use the spare tire pressure and the normal tire replacement position, follow the procedure below: Use the following four-wheel replacement table to indicate that the spare tire is at the right rear wheel position (the new one on the truck) The spare tire must also be installed on the right rear wheel).
Check the condition of vehicle parts, loose suspension, poor brakes, and poor front wheel alignment will affect abnormal tire wear. Refer to the maintenance manual. Tell customers the time of tire replacement to ensure driving safety. If customers want to replace new tires, give customers the correct tire information.

SUNTEX RUBBER ENTERPRISE CO., LTD.